Shin, Cin, and Jinn in far east Asian, central east Asian, and middle eastern cultures : case studies in transethnic communication by exchange of terminology for elementary spiritual concepts of ethic groups

Methodology and Objects: Methodologically, from a diachronic linguistics perspective regarding the concept of the shin, spirits in folk belief in China and neighbouring cultures, we compare texts that comprise meanings a) historically in the local language and b) compared to the meanings of equivalent terms in languages of other cultures. Comparing sources of this belief, we examine if and how the shin belief can serve as an example of communication across cultural borders including practical forms of worshipping. Argumentation: We argue that the concept of the shin is across cultural and national borders a result from folk culture transcending political or cultural borders transmitted via migration of ethnic groups. Although similar, mind concepts of different cultures and groups never melted; evidence for this independence gives the Islamic distinctive separation between shin and jinn in this area in the Chinese Quran and other spiritual Chinese writings. On the other hand, the practice of worshipping is similar. Conclusions: A spiritual concept like shin varies in practice in different areas. Central Asia as the melting pot of Chinese and Middle East culture shows the cultural practice of Shamanism with shin belief, complex mind concepts like in Daoism, and religions incorporating shin belief (Islam). Observed changes in the particular local languages show the continuity of the local set of meanings. Multilingual and multicultural areas such as Central Asia rather integrate new words to increase their thesaurus with new meanings than to change the set of previous existing meanings in the languages. Arabic as a language of conquerors in Central Asia is a typical example for such a language that serves as a tool to set up new meanings

Perceived Water Prices and Estimated Water Demand in the Residential Sector of Windhoek, Namibia. An Analysis of the Different Water Market Segments

We develop a demand model for the water market of Windhoek, Namibia, and segment the market by income. The model uses the perceived price concept developed by Shin (1985). Results confirm the Shin hypotheses that consumers dont know actual prices, but respond to perceived prices. The average price and covariates have the expected signs. However, marginal price (MP) coefficient is positive. Shins perception parameter (k) is negative in two of three income segments. In the Shin model, this implies that consumers respond to MP (through perceived prices). Ambiguities about prices warrant further investigation.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Late Moon by Pamela Porter and The Family China by Ann Shin

Review of Late Moon by Pamela Porter and The Family China by Ann Shin

Speculative attacks : unique sunspot equilibrium and transparency

Models with multiple equilibria are a popular way to explain currency attacks. Morris and Shin (1998) have shown that, in the context of those models, unique equilibria may prevail once noisy private information is introduced. In this paper, we generalize the results of Morris and Shin to a broader class of probability distributions and show - using the technique of iterated elimination of dominated strategies - that uniqueness will hold, even if we allow for sunspots and individual uncertainty about strategic behavior of other agents. We provide a clear exposition of the logic of this model and we analyse the impact of transparency on the probability of a speculative attack. For the case of uniform distribution of noisy signals, we show that increased transparency of government policy reduces the likelihood of attacks. JEL Classification F 31, D 82Modelle mit multiplen Gleichgewichten sind ein populärer Ansatz zur Erklärung spekulativer Attacken. Morris und Shin (1998) haben jedoch gezeigt, dass auch im Rahmen dieser Modelle eindeutige Gleichgewichte zu erwarten sind, sobald die Spekulanten verzerrte private Signale über die Fundamentaldaten erhalten. In dieser Arbeit verallgemeinern wir die Ergebnisse von Morris und Shin und zeigen, dass die Gleichgewichte selbst dann eindeutig sind, wenn Sunspot Variablen und individuelle Unsicherheit über Strategien zugelassen werden. Zudem analysieren wir, welchen Einfluss Transparenz auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit erfolgreicher Attacken hat. Für den Fall der Gleichverteilung verzerrter Signale zeigen wir, dass bei transparenter Geldpolitik ein Ausbruch solcher Attacken mit geringerer Wahrscheinlichkeit auftritt

Optimal Policy Intervention and the Social Value of Public Information

Svensson (2006) argues that Morris and Shin (2002) is, contrary to what is claimed, pro-transparency. This paper reexamines the issue but with an important modification to the original Morris and Shin framework. Recognizing that central banks impact the economy not only indirectly via public announcements, but also directly through policy actions, we consider the social value of public information in the presence of active policy intervention. Our results strengthen Morris and Shin's conclusions considerably: in particular, we find that public disclosure of the central bank's information is unambiguously, i.e., regardless of parameter values, undesirable. (JEL D82, D83, E52, E58)

Speculative Attacks

Models with multiple equilibria are a popular way to explain currency attacks. Morris and Shin (1998) have shown that, in the context of those models, unique equilibria may prevail once noisy private information is introduced. In this paper, we generalize the results of Morris and Shin to a broader class of probability distributions and show - using the technique of iterated elimination of dominated strategies - that uniqueness will hold, even if we allow for sunspots and individual uncertainty about strategic behavior of other agents. We provide a clear exposition of the logic of this model and we analyse the impact of transparency on the probability of a speculative attack. For the case of uniform distribution of noisy signals, we show that increased transparency of government policy reduces the likelihood of attacks

USING SHIN LENGTH TO DETERMINE KICK PLATE POSITION OPTIMIZES SELECT SWIM START MECHANICS IN ELITE SWIMMERS

The track start kick plate position is often decided by the level of comfort of the swimmer. The purpose of this study was to use shin length as a measure to determine kick plate position and effects on performance. 20 elite swimmers performed 3 starts at 3 kick plate distances (\u3c shin length, shin length, and \u3e shin length). Differences in reaction time, block phase time (BT), flight phase time, flight distance, underwater phase time, time to the 15 m mark, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion angles were examined between the positions. BT was significantly different, (F(2,38)=4.264, p=.026). BT was lower when the kick plate distance was one shin’s length versus \u3c shin length (0.691+0.055 vs 0.715+0.056 sec) and \u3e shin length (0.691+0.055 vs 0.698+0.056 sec), p\u3c.05. Shin length is a quick and individualized measure that can be used by coaches to set the kick plate position without compromising performance